runtime.onMessageExternal

Use this event to listen for messages from other extensions or web pages.

By default, an extension can receive messages from any other extension. However, the externally_connectable manifest key can be used to limit communication to specific extensions and enable communication with websites.

To send a message that is received by the onMessageExternal listener, use runtime.sendMessage(), passing the ID of the recipient in the extensionId parameter.

Along with the message, the listener is passed:

  • a sender object with details about the message sender.
  • a sendResponse function that the listener can use to send a response back to the sender.

This API can't be used in a content script.

See runtime.onMessage for additional information on receiving messages and sending responses, as well as examples of the various options for sending responses.

Syntax

js
browser.runtime.onMessageExternal.addListener()
browser.runtime.onMessageExternal.removeListener(listener)
browser.runtime.onMessageExternal.hasListener(listener)

Events have three functions:

addListener(listener)

Adds a listener to this event.

removeListener(listener)

Stop listening to this event. The listener argument is the listener to remove.

hasListener(listener)

Checks whether a listener is registered for this event. Returns true if it is listening, false otherwise.

addListener syntax

Parameters

listener

The function called when this event occurs. The function is passed these arguments:

message

object. The message. This is a JSON-ifiable object.

sender

A runtime.MessageSender object representing the sender of the message.

sendResponse

A function to call, at most once, to send a response to the message. The function takes one argument, which is a JSON-ifiable object. This argument is passed back to the message sender.

If you have more than one onMessageExternal listener in the same document, then only one can send a response.

To send a response synchronously, call sendResponse() before the listener function returns.

To send a response asynchronously, use one of these options:

  • Return a Promise from the listener function and resolve the promise when the response is ready. This is the preferred approach.

  • Keep a reference to the sendResponse() argument and return true from the listener function. You then call sendResponse() after the listener function returns.

    Note: Promise as a return value is not supported in Chrome until Chrome bug 1185241 is resolved. As an alternative, return true and use sendResponse as described for runtime.onMessage.

Examples

In this example, the extension "blue@mozilla.org" sends a message to the extension "red@mozilla.org":

js
// sender: browser.runtime.id === "blue@mozilla.org"

// Send a message to the extension whose ID is "red@mozilla.org"
browser.runtime.sendMessage("red@mozilla.org", "my message");
js
// recipient: browser.runtime.id === "red@mozilla.org"

function handleMessage(message, sender) {
  // check that the message is from "blue@mozilla.org"
  if (sender.id === "blue@mozilla.org") {
    // process message
  }
}

browser.runtime.onMessageExternal.addListener(handleMessage);

Browser compatibility

desktop mobile
Chrome
Edge
Firefox
Opera
Safari
Firefox for Android
Safari on iOS
onMessageExternal
Chrome – Full support
Chrome 26 (Release date: 2013-03-26)
footnote Full support
Edge – Full support
Edge 79 (Release date: 2020-01-15)
footnote Full support
Firefox – Full support
Firefox 54 (Release date: 2017-06-13)
footnote Full support
Opera – Full support
Opera 15 (Release date: 2013-07-02)
footnote Full support
Safari – Partial support
Safari 14 – 15.3 (Release date: 2020-09-16)
footnote Partial support
footnote Only fired in response to a message from an extension's containing app, not webpages and other extensions.
Safari – Partial support
Safari 15.4 (Release date: 2022-03-14)
footnote Partial support
footnote Also fired in response to a message from webpages allowed in externally_connectable.
Firefox for Android – Full support
Firefox for Android 54 (Release date: 2017-06-13)
footnote Full support
Safari on iOS – Partial support
Safari on iOS 15 – 15.3 (Release date: 2021-09-20)
footnote Partial support
footnote Only fired in response to a message from an extension's containing app, not webpages and other extensions.
Safari on iOS – Partial support
Safari on iOS 15.4 (Release date: 2022-03-14)
footnote Partial support
footnote Also fired in response to a message from webpages allowed in externally_connectable.
Respond with Promise
Chrome – No support
Chrome
footnote No support
Edge – No support
Edge
footnote No support
Firefox – Full support
Firefox 62 (Release date: 2018-09-05)
footnote Full support
Opera – No support
Opera
footnote No support
Safari – Full support
Safari 15.4 (Release date: 2022-03-14)
footnote Full support
Firefox for Android – Full support
Firefox for Android 62 (Release date: 2018-09-05)
footnote Full support
Safari on iOS – Full support
Safari on iOS 15.4 (Release date: 2022-03-14)
footnote Full support

Legend

Tip: you can click/tap on a cell for more information.

Full support
Full support
Partial support
Partial support
No support
No support
Has more compatibility info.

Note: This API is based on Chromium's chrome.runtime API. This documentation is derived from runtime.json in the Chromium code.