<mmultiscripts>
Baseline
Widely available
*
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since January 2023.
* Some parts of this feature may have varying levels of support.
The <mmultiscripts> MathML element is used to attach an arbitrary number of subscripts and superscripts to an expression at once, generalizing the <msubsup> element. Scripts can be either pre-scripts (placed before the expression) or post-scripts (placed after it).
MathML uses the syntax below, that is a base expression, followed by an arbitrary number of post-subscript and post-superscript pairs (attached in the given order) optionally followed by an <mprescripts> element and an arbitrary number of pre-subscript and pre-superscript pairs (attached in the given order). In addition, empty <mrow> elements can be used to represent absent scripts.
<mmultiscripts>
base
post-sub-script-1 post-sup-script-1
post-sub-script-2 post-sup-script-2
post-sub-script-3 post-sup-script-3
...
post-sub-script-N post-sup-script-N
<mprescripts /> ⎫
pre-sub-script-1 pre-sup-script-1 ⎪
pre-sub-script-2 pre-sup-script-2 ⎬ Optional
pre-sub-script-3 pre-sup-script-3 ⎪
... ⎪
pre-sub-script-M pre-sup-script-N ⎭
</mmultiscripts>
Attributes
This element's attributes include the global MathML attributes as well as the following deprecated attributes:
subscriptshift-
A
<length-percentage>indicating the minimum amount to shift the baseline of the subscript down. superscriptshift-
A
<length-percentage>indicating the minimum amount to shift the baseline of the superscript up.
Note:
For the subscriptshift and superscriptshift attributes, some browsers may also accept legacy MathML lengths.
Examples
Using <mprescripts>
Children after the <mprescripts> element are placed as pre-scripts (before the base expression):
<math display="block">
<mmultiscripts>
<mi>X</mi> <!-- base expression -->
<mi>a</mi> <!-- post-sub-script -->
<mi>b</mi> <!-- post-sup-script -->
<mprescripts />
<mi>c</mi> <!-- pre-sub-script -->
<mi>d</mi> <!-- pre-sup-script -->
</mmultiscripts>
</math>
Empty scripts
Empty <mrow> elements can be used to represent absent scripts:
<math display="block">
<mmultiscripts>
<mi>X</mi> <!-- base expression -->
<mrow></mrow> <!-- post-sub-script -->
<mi>b</mi> <!-- post-sup-script -->
<mprescripts />
<mi>c</mi> <!-- pre-sub-script -->
<mrow></mrow> <!-- pre-sup-script -->
</mmultiscripts>
</math>
Order of scripts
Here is a more complex example with many scripts, so you can see in which order they are attached to the base:
<math display="block">
<mmultiscripts>
<mi>X</mi> <!-- base expression -->
<mn>1</mn> <!-- post-sub-script-1 -->
<mn>2</mn> <!-- post-sup-script-1 -->
<mn>3</mn> <!-- post-sub-script-2 -->
<mn>4</mn> <!-- post-sup-script-2 -->
<mprescripts />
<mn>5</mn> <!-- pre-sub-script-1 -->
<mn>6</mn> <!-- pre-sup-script-1 -->
<mn>7</mn> <!-- pre-sub-script-2 -->
<mn>8</mn> <!-- pre-sup-script-2 -->
</mmultiscripts>
</math>
Technical summary
| Implicit ARIA role | None |
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Specifications
| Specification |
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| MathML Core # prescripts-and-tensor-indices-mmultiscripts |
Browser compatibility
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subscriptshift
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superscriptshift
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Legend
Tip: you can click/tap on a cell for more information.
- Full support
- Full support
- No support
- No support
- Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.
- Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.