null

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.

The null keyword refers to the null primitive value, which represents the intentional absence of any object value.

Try it

function getVowels(str) {
  const m = str.match(/[aeiou]/gi);
  if (m === null) {
    return 0;
  }
  return m.length;
}

console.log(getVowels("sky"));
// Expected output: 0

Syntax

js
null

Description

The keyword null is a literal for the null value. Unlike undefined, which is a global variable, null is not an identifier but a syntax keyword.

null has the following behaviors:

  • Like undefined, accessing any property on null throws a TypeError instead of returning undefined or searching prototype chains.
  • Like undefined, null is treated as falsy for boolean operations, and nullish for nullish coalescing and optional chaining.
  • The typeof null result is "object". This is a bug in JavaScript that cannot be fixed due to backward compatibility.
  • Unlike undefined, JSON.stringify() can represent null faithfully.

JavaScript is unique to have two nullish values: null and undefined. Semantically, their difference is very minor: undefined represents the absence of a value, while null represents the absence of an object. For example, the end of the prototype chain is null because the prototype chain is composed of objects; document.querySelector() returns null if it doesn't match, because had it matched, the result would be an object. If you are designing an API, you should likely accept null and undefined as equivalent inputs, because many codebases have stylistic rules about when to use null or undefined by default.

Examples

Difference between null and undefined

When checking for null or undefined, beware of the differences between equality (==) and identity (===) operators, as the former performs type-conversion.

js
typeof null; // "object" (not "null" for legacy reasons)
typeof undefined; // "undefined"
null === undefined; // false
null == undefined; // true
null === null; // true
null == null; // true
!null; // true
Number.isNaN(1 + null); // false
Number.isNaN(1 + undefined); // true

Specifications

Specification
ECMAScript® 2027 Language Specification
# sec-null-value

Browser compatibility

desktop mobile server
Chrome
Edge
Firefox
Opera
Safari
Chrome Android
Firefox for Android
Opera Android
Safari on iOS
Samsung Internet
WebView Android
WebView on iOS
Bun
Deno
Node.js
null
Chrome – Full support
Chrome 1 (Release date: 2008-12-11)
footnote Full support
Edge – Full support
Edge 12 (Release date: 2015-07-29)
footnote Full support
Firefox – Full support
Firefox 1 (Release date: 2004-11-09)
footnote Full support
Opera – Full support
Opera 3 (Release date: 1997-12-01)
footnote Full support
Safari – Full support
Safari 1 (Release date: 2003-06-23)
footnote Full support
Chrome Android – Full support
Chrome Android 18 (Release date: 2012-06-27)
footnote Full support
Firefox for Android – Full support
Firefox for Android 4 (Release date: 2011-03-29)
footnote Full support
Opera Android – Full support
Opera Android 10.1 (Release date: 2010-11-09)
footnote Full support
Safari on iOS – Full support
Safari on iOS 1 (Release date: 2007-06-29)
footnote Full support
Samsung Internet – Full support
Samsung Internet 1 (Release date: 2013-04-27)
footnote Full support
WebView Android – Full support
WebView Android 4.4 (Release date: 2013-12-09)
footnote Full support
WebView on iOS – Full support
WebView on iOS 1 (Release date: 2007-06-29)
footnote Full support
Bun – Full support
Bun 1 (Release date: 2023-09-08)
footnote Full support
Deno – Full support
Deno 1 (Release date: 2020-05-13)
footnote Full support
Node.js – Full support
Node.js 0.10 (Release date: 2013-03-11)
footnote Full support

Legend

Tip: you can click/tap on a cell for more information.

Full support
Full support

See also