stroke-dasharray

html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}

<svg viewBox="0 0 30 12" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <style>
    line {
      stroke: black;
    }
  </style>
  <!-- No dashes nor gaps -->
  <line x1="0" y1="1" x2="30" y2="1" />

  <!-- Dashes and gaps of the same size -->
  <line x1="0" y1="3" x2="30" y2="3" stroke-dasharray="4" />

  <!-- Dashes and gaps of different sizes -->
  <line x1="0" y1="5" x2="30" y2="5" stroke-dasharray="4 1" />

  <!-- Dashes and gaps of various sizes with an odd number of values -->
  <line x1="0" y1="7" x2="30" y2="7" stroke-dasharray="4 1 2" />

  <!-- Dashes and gaps of various sizes with an even number of values -->
  <line x1="0" y1="9" x2="30" y2="9" stroke-dasharray="4 1 2 3" />

  <!-- Dashes starting with a gap -->
  <line x1="0" y1="11" x2="30" y2="11" stroke-dasharray="0 4 0" />
</svg>