scale CSS property
Baseline
Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since August 2022.
The scale CSS property allows you to specify scale transforms individually and independently of the transform property. This maps better to typical user interface usage, and saves having to remember the exact order of transform functions to specify in the transform value.
Try it
scale: none;
scale: 1.5;
scale: 1.7 50%;
scale: 1 -1;
scale: 1.2 1.2 2;
<section class="default-example" id="default-example">
<div class="transition-all" id="example-element">
<div class="face front">1</div>
<div class="face back">2</div>
<div class="face right">3</div>
<div class="face left">4</div>
<div class="face top">5</div>
<div class="face bottom">6</div>
</div>
</section>
#default-example {
background: linear-gradient(skyblue, khaki);
perspective: 800px;
perspective-origin: 150% 150%;
}
#example-element {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
perspective: 550px;
transform-style: preserve-3d;
}
.face {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
backface-visibility: inherit;
font-size: 60px;
color: white;
}
.front {
background: rgb(90 90 90 / 0.7);
transform: translateZ(50px);
}
.back {
background: rgb(0 210 0 / 0.7);
transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px);
}
.right {
background: rgb(210 0 0 / 0.7);
transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}
.left {
background: rgb(0 0 210 / 0.7);
transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}
.top {
background: rgb(210 210 0 / 0.7);
transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}
.bottom {
background: rgb(210 0 210 / 0.7);
transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}
Syntax
/* Keyword values */
scale: none;
/* Single values */
/* values of more than 1 or 100% make the element grow */
scale: 2;
/* values of less than 1 or 100% make the element shrink */
scale: 50%;
/* Two values */
scale: 2 0.5;
/* Three values */
scale: 200% 50% 200%;
/* Global values */
scale: inherit;
scale: initial;
scale: revert;
scale: revert-layer;
scale: unset;
Values
- Single value
-
A
<number>or<percentage>specifying a scale factor to make the affected element scale by the same factor along both the X and Y axes. Equivalent to ascale()(2D scaling) function with a single value specified. - Two values
-
Two
<number>or<percentage>values that specify the X and Y axis scaling values (respectively) of a 2D scale. Equivalent to ascale()(2D scaling) function with two values specified. - Three values
-
Three
<number>or<percentage>values that specify the X, Y, and Z axis scaling values (respectively) of a 3D scale. Equivalent to ascale3d()(3D scaling) function. none-
Specifies that no scaling should be applied.
Formal definition
| Initial value | none |
|---|---|
| Applies to | transformable elements |
| Inherited | no |
| Computed value | as specified |
| Animation type | a transform |
| Creates stacking context | yes |
Formal syntax
scale =
none |
[ <number> | <percentage> ]{1,3}
Examples
Scaling an element on hover
The following example shows how to scale an element on hover.
Two boxes are shown, one with a single scale value which scales the element along both axes.
The second box has two scale values which scales the element along the X and Y axes independently.
HTML
<div class="box" id="box1">single value</div>
<div class="box" id="box2">two values</div>
CSS
.box {
float: left;
margin: 1em;
width: 7em;
line-height: 7em;
text-align: center;
transition: 0.5s ease-in-out;
border: 3px dotted;
}
#box1:hover {
scale: 1.25;
}
#box2:hover {
scale: 1.25 0.75;
}
Result
Specifications
| Specification |
|---|
| CSS Transforms Module Level 2 # individual-transforms |
Browser compatibility
| desktop | mobile | |||||||||||
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scale
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none
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Legend
Tip: you can click/tap on a cell for more information.
- Full support
- Full support
See also
Note: skew is not an independent transform value