`scaleZ()` CSS function

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.

See full compatibility

The scaleZ() CSS function defines a transformation that resizes an element along the z-axis. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

Try it

transform: scaleZ(1);

transform: scaleZ(1.4);

transform: scaleZ(0.5);

transform: scaleZ(-1.4);

<section class="default-example" id="default-example">
  <div class="transition-all" id="example-element">
    <div class="face front">1</div>
    <div class="face back">2</div>
    <div class="face right">3</div>
    <div class="face left">4</div>
    <div class="face top">5</div>
    <div class="face bottom">6</div>
  </div>
</section>

#default-example {
  background: linear-gradient(skyblue, khaki);
  perspective: 800px;
  perspective-origin: 150% 150%;
}

#example-element {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  perspective: 550px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
}

.face {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  backface-visibility: inherit;
  font-size: 60px;
  color: white;
}

.front {
  background: rgb(90 90 90 / 0.7);
  transform: translateZ(50px);
}

.back {
  background: rgb(0 210 0 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.right {
  background: rgb(210 0 0 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.left {
  background: rgb(0 0 210 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.top {
  background: rgb(210 210 0 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.bottom {
  background: rgb(210 0 210 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

This scaling transformation modifies the z-coordinate of each element point by a constant factor, except when the scale factor is 1, in which case the function is the identity transform. The scaling is not isotropic, and the angles of the element are not conserved. scaleZ(-1) defines an axial symmetry, with the z-axis passing through the origin (as specified by the transform-origin property).

In the above interactive examples, perspective: 550px; (to create a 3D space) and transform-style: preserve-3d; (so the children, the 6 sides of the cube, are also positioned in the 3D space), have been set on the cube.

Note: scaleZ(sz) is equivalent to scale3d(1, 1, sz).

Syntax

css

scaleZ(s)

Values

s: Is a <number> representing the scaling factor to apply on the z-coordinate of each point of the element.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane.		$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & s \end{array} \right)$	$\left( \begin{array}{cccc} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & s & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right)$

Formal syntax

<scaleZ()> = 
  scaleZ( [ <number> | <percentage> ] )

Examples

HTML

html

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="perspective">Translated</div>
<div class="scaled-translated">Scaled</div>

CSS

css

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.perspective {
  /* Includes a perspective to create a 3D space */
  transform: perspective(400px) translateZ(-100px);
  background-color: limegreen;
}

.scaled-translated {
  /* Includes a perspective to create a 3D space */
  transform: perspective(400px) scaleZ(2) translateZ(-100px);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Transforms Module Level 2 # funcdef-scalez

Browser compatibility

	desktop					mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Opera	Safari	Chrome Android	Firefox for Android	Opera Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet	WebView Android	WebView on iOS
`scaleZ()`	Chrome – Full support Chrome 12 (Release date: 2011-06-07) footnote Full support	Edge – Full support Edge 12 (Release date: 2015-07-29) footnote Full support	Firefox – Full support Firefox 10 (Release date: 2012-01-31) footnote Full support	Opera – Full support Opera 15 (Release date: 2013-07-02) footnote Full support	Safari – Full support Safari 4 (Release date: 2009-06-08) footnote Full support	Chrome Android – Full support Chrome Android 18 (Release date: 2012-06-27) footnote Full support	Firefox for Android – Full support Firefox for Android 10 (Release date: 2012-01-31) footnote Full support	Opera Android – Full support Opera Android 14 (Release date: 2013-05-21) footnote Full support	Safari on iOS – Full support Safari on iOS 3.2 (Release date: 2010-04-03) footnote Full support	Samsung Internet – Full support Samsung Internet 1 (Release date: 2013-04-27) footnote Full support	WebView Android – Full support WebView Android 3 (Release date: 2011-02-22) footnote Full support	WebView on iOS – Full support WebView on iOS 3.2 (Release date: 2010-04-03) footnote Full support

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Full support: Full support

scaleZ() CSS function

Legend

`scaleZ()` CSS function