`matrix()` CSS function

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.

See full compatibility

The matrix() CSS function defines a homogeneous 2D transformation matrix. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

Note: The matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty) function is a shorthand for matrix3d(a, b, 0, 0, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, tx, ty, 0, 1).

Try it

transform: matrix(1.2, 0.2, -1, 0.9, 0, 20);

transform: matrix(0.4, 0, 0.5, 1.2, 60, 10);

transform: matrix(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);

transform: matrix(0.1, 1, -0.3, 1, 0, 0);

<section id="default-example">
  <img class="transition-all" id="example-element" src="../../../../../../../shared-assets/images/examples/firefox-logo.svg" width="200">
</section>

Syntax

css

matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)

Values

The matrix() function is specified with six values. The constant values are implied and not passed as parameters; the other parameters are described in the column-major order.

a b c d: Are <number>s describing the linear transformation.
tx ty: Are <number>s describing the translation to apply.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
$\begin{pmatrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{pmatrix}$	$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$	$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$	$\left( \begin{array}{cccc} a & c & 0 & tx \\ b & d & 0 & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$
$\begin{pmatrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{pmatrix}$	`[a b c d tx ty]`

The values represent the following functions: matrix(scaleX(), skewY(), skewX(), scaleY(), translateX(), translateY()).

Formal syntax

<matrix()> = 
  matrix( <number>#{6} )

Examples

HTML

html

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="changed">Changed</div>

CSS

css

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.changed {
  transform: matrix(1, 2, -1, 1, 80, 80);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Transforms Module Level 1 # funcdef-transform-matrix

Browser compatibility

	desktop					mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Opera	Safari	Chrome Android	Firefox for Android	Opera Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet	WebView Android	WebView on iOS
`matrix()`	Chrome – Full support Chrome 1 (Release date: 2008-12-11) footnote Full support	Edge – Full support Edge 12 (Release date: 2015-07-29) footnote Full support	Firefox – Full support Firefox 3.5 (Release date: 2009-06-30) footnote footnote Before Firefox 16, the translation values of `matrix()` could be `<length>`s, in addition to the standard `<number>`.	Opera – Full support Opera 10.5 (Release date: 2010-03-02) footnote Full support	Safari – Full support Safari 3.1 (Release date: 2008-03-18) footnote Full support	Chrome Android – Full support Chrome Android 18 (Release date: 2012-06-27) footnote Full support	Firefox for Android – Full support Firefox for Android 4 (Release date: 2011-03-29) footnote Full support	Opera Android – Full support Opera Android 11 (Release date: 2011-03-22) footnote Full support	Safari on iOS – Full support Safari on iOS 3.2 (Release date: 2010-04-03) footnote Full support	Samsung Internet – Full support Samsung Internet 1 (Release date: 2013-04-27) footnote Full support	WebView Android – Full support WebView Android 2 (Release date: 2009-10-26) footnote Full support	WebView on iOS – Full support WebView on iOS 3.2 (Release date: 2010-04-03) footnote Full support

Tip: you can click/tap on a cell for more information.

Full support: Full support
: See implementation notes.

matrix() CSS function

Legend

`matrix()` CSS function